Xiaoaiping injection combined with chemotherapy in treatment of patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer: a multicenter, retrospective study of therapeutic efficacy and safety / 肿瘤研究与临床

Objective:To investigate the clinical efficacy and safety of Xiaoaiping injection combined with chemotherapy in treatment of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients.Methods:Based on LinkDoc database, a total of 1 144 patients first diagnosed as stage Ⅲ B-Ⅳ NSCLC in 4 medical centers including Henan Cancer Hospital from 2014 to 2018 were enrolled. The baseline data of included patients was used to make propensity score matching. The patients were divided into the experimental group (Xiaoaiping injection combined with chemotherapy) and the control group (chemotherapy alone), 572 cases in each group. The objective response rate (ORR), disease control rate (DCR), overall survival (OS), progression-free survival (PFS), time to progression (TTP) and adverse reactions of the two groups were observed and compared. Results:Based on the statistical results of patients with records of efficacy evaluation, the ORR of the experimental group and the control group was 26.54% (86/324) and 26.07% (79/303), respectively, and there was no statistically significant difference ( χ2 = 0.02, P = 0.894); the DCR of both groups was 61.42% (199/324) and 62.38% (189/303), respectively, and there was no statistically significant difference ( χ2 = 0.06, P = 0.805). The median OS time of the experimental group and the control group was 21.2 months and 16.5 months, respectively, and there was a statistically significant difference ( χ2 = 7.53, P = 0.006). The median PFS time was 9.3 months and 8.9 months, respectively, and there was no statistically significant difference ( χ2 = 2.25, P = 0.134). The median TTP was 1.8 months (1.2 months, 5.1 months) and 1.7 months (1.2 months, 5.8 months), respectively, and there was a statistically significant difference ( Z = 3.89, P = 0.049). The incidence of bone marrow suppression was 75.52% (432/572) and 64.51% (369/572),respectively in the experimental group and the control group, and there was a statistically significant difference ( χ2 = 16.53, P <0.001); the incidence of liver dysfunction was 39.86% (228/572) and 29.55% (169/572), respectively, and there was a statistically significant difference ( χ2 = 13.43, P < 0.001); the incidence of abnormal kidney function was 2.45% (14/572) and 3.15% (18/572), respectively, and there was no statistically significant difference ( χ2 = 0.51, P = 0.473). Conclusions:Xiaoaiping injection combined with chemotherapy can prolong the survival time of patients with advanced NSCLC. It is necessary to pay attention to the potential risks of bone marrow suppression and liver damage.

MicroRNA-499 improved septic myocardial dysfunction by regulating myosin heavy chain gene axis / 中华危重病急救医学

Objective:To investigate the role and mechanism of microRNA-499 (miR-499) regulating α-myosin heavy chain (α-MHC) and β-myosin heavy chain (β-MHC) gene axis in septic myocardial dysfunction (SMD) and its significance.Methods:Sixty healthy adult male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were divided into phosphate buffered saline (PBS) control group (PBS group), lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induced SMD model group (LPS group), miR-499 agonist pretreatment group (agomir+LPS group), and miR-499 inhibitor pretreatment group (antagomir+LPS group) by random number table, with 15 rats in each group. SMD rat model was reproduced by intraperitoneal injection of LPS 10 mg/kg. The PBS group was intraperitoneally injected with the same amount of PBS. The two pretreatment groups were injected with agomir 30 mg/kg or antagomir 80 mg/kg through the caudal vein for 3 days, once a day. PBS group and LPS group were not pretreated. Echocardiography was detected 5 hours after LPS injection, and relevant indexes were recorded. The expression of miR-499 in plasma and myocardial tissue was detected by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). Western blotting was used to detect the protein expressions of α-MHC and β-MHC in myocardial tissue. Plasma N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP), a marker of heart failure, was measured by electrochemiluminescence.Results:Compared with the PBS group, the rats in LPS group were depressed. Additionally, LPS down-regulated the level of miR-499 in plasma and myocardial tissue, decreased α-MHC expression in myocardial tissue and up-regulated the expression of β-MHC. Echocardiography showed that left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), left ventricle fractional shortening (LVFS), cardiac output (CO), stroke volume (SV) and heart rate (HR) decreased by 49.1%, 59.2%, 48.8%, 39.4% and 15.9%, respectively, and the level of plasma NT-proBNP increased significantly in LPS group, indicating that LPS could induce cardiac dysfunction in rats. Compared with the LPS group, after pretreatment with agomir to overexpress the miR-499, LVEF and LVFS were significantly increased [LVEF: 0.662±0.020 vs. 0.323±0.024, LVFS: (36.16±1.43)% vs. (20.20±1.32)%, both P < 0.01], which suggested that the cardiac function of rats was improved in agomir+LPS group. At the same time, pretreatment with agomir significantly down-regulated the β-MHC protein expression (β-MHC/GAPDH: 0.74±0.04 vs. 2.97±0.34, P < 0.01), significantly up-regulated α-MHC protein expression (α-MHC/GAPDH: 1.59±0.05 vs. 0.74±0.14, P < 0.01), and significantly decreased the plasma NT-proBNP level (ng/L: 114.49±6.85 vs. 334.13±4.36, P < 0.01). After pretreatment with antagomir to inhibit the expression of miR-499, echocardiography showed that LVEF and LVFS were significantly lower than those in the LPS group [LVEF: 0.297±0.021 vs. 0.323±0.024, LVFS: (19.38±1.52)% vs. (21.20±1.32)%, both P < 0.01], which suggested that the cardiac function of rats was significantly inhibited. At the same time, pretreatment with antagomir significantly down-regulated α-MHC protein expression in myocardial tissue (α-MHC/GAPDH: 0.63±0.03 vs. 0.74±0.14, P < 0.01), significantly up-regulated β-MHC protein expression (β-MHC/GAPDH: 3.03±0.47 vs. 2.97±0.34, P < 0.01), and significantly increased the level of plasma NT-proBNP (ng/L: 373.91±4.23 vs. 334.13±4.36, P < 0.05). Conclusions:miR-499 could regulate the expression of α-MHC and β-MHC which improved cardiac dysfunction caused by sepsis. Targeted regulation of miR-499 expression may be an effective way to treat SMD.

Efficacy and safety of ribonucleic acid for injection Ⅱ combined with chemotherapy in treatment of advanced non-small cell lung cancer: a multicenter, retrospective and controlled study / 肿瘤研究与临床

Objective:To evaluate the efficacy and safety of ribonucleic acid for injection Ⅱ combined with chemotherapy in the treatment of advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).Methods:Based on the LinkDoc database, 2 111 patients who were diagnosed with stage Ⅲ B and Ⅳ NSCLC in 8 research centers such as Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology from January 2014 to December 2017 were included. Patients were divided into observation group (1 039 cases) and control group (1 072 cases) according to whether or not they had used ribonucleic acid for injection Ⅱ during chemotherapy. Inverse probability of treatment weighting was used to correct the confounding factors of patients, and there were 1 078 cases in the control group and 1 033 cases in the observation group; the overall survival (OS), progression-free survival (PFS) and the occurrence of adverse events and chemotherapy-related adverse reactions were compared between the two groups. Results:The median OS time of the observation group and the control group was 18.51 months and 15.65 months, and the median PFS time was 7.00 months and 5.49 months, and the differences were statistically significant ( P values ??were 0.001 and 0.003). The incidence of adverse events in the observation group was slightly higher than that in the control group [75.6% (781/1 033) vs. 74.1% (799/1 078)], and the incidence of chemotherapy-related adverse reactions in the observation group was slightly higher than that in the control group [43.9% (453/1 033) vs. 40.7% (439/1 078)], but the differences were not statistically significant (both P > 0.05). Conclusions:Ribonucleic acid for injection Ⅱ can prolong the OS and PFS time of patients with stage Ⅲ B and Ⅳ NSCLC receiving chemotherapy. It is safe and can increase the clinical benefit of patients to a certain extent.

Analysis and comparison of anterior segment parameters in Uyghur patients with pseudoexfoliation syndrome in Xinjiang / 中华地方病学杂志

Objective:To explore the differences of anterior segment parameters in Uyghur patients with pseudoexfoliation syndrome (PEX), pseudoexfoliation glaucoma (PEXG), primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) and age-related cataracts in Xinjiang.Methods:A retrospective study was conducted, Uyghur patients included 114 eyes of 84 cases with PEX, 96 eyes of 70 cases with PEXG, 88 eyes of 72 cases with POAG and 80 eyes of 80 cases with age-related cataracts (control, CON) who had received treatment in Ophthalmology Center of Xinjiang Military Region General Hospital of Chinese People's Liberation Army from April 2019 to July 2020 were selected to obtained central corneal thickness (CCT), anterior chamber depth (ACD), lens thickness (LT), axial length (AL) and corneal curvature (horizontal curvature K1 and vertical curvature K2).Results:There was no significant difference in gender ratio and age of patients between CON, PEX, PEXG and POAG groups ( P > 0.05). The CCT of patients in CON, PEX, PEXG and POAG groups were (545.52 ± 34.22), (536.81 ± 42.64), (516.74 ± 32.39) and (530.38 ± 28.72) μm, respectively, the CCT in CON, PEX and POAG groups were all higher than those in PEXG group ( P < 0.05), and the CCT in PEXG group became thinner. The ACD of patients in CON, PEX, PEXG and POAG groups were (3.05 ± 0.38), (2.87 ± 0.36), (2.77 ± 0.41), (2.81 ± 0.32) mm, respectively, compared with CON group, the ACD in PEX, PEXG and POAG groups were all lower ( P < 0.05). There was no significant difference in LT, AL, K1 and K2 of patients between each group ( P > 0.05). Conclusion:This study has showed that the ACD of Uyghur patients with PEX in Xinjiang is shallower than that of CON group, but the CCT of PEXG patients is thinner than that of PEX patients.

Protective effects of cordycepin on renal proximal tubular cells injury induced by lipopolysaccharide / 中华危重病急救医学

Objective:To investigate the protective effect and potential mechanism of cordycepin on renal proximal tubular cells injury induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS).Methods:Renal proximal tubular cells NRK-52E were incubated on a cell culture plated at a density of 1×10 5/mL for experiment, then divided into control group (Ctrl group), LPS group (cells were stimulated with 1 mg/L LPS), 10 μmol/L or 20 μmol/L cordycep in intervention groups (LPS+C 10 group and LPS+C 20 group). Cell viability was measured using cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) reagent. The level of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) was detected by 2',7'-dichlorofluorescin diacetate (DCFH-DA) staining. The protein expressions of inflammatory factors intercellular cell adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), and nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) were detected by Western blotting. Results:Compared with the Ctrl group, LPS significantly inhibited NRK-52E cell viability, increased intracellular ROS, and up-regulated the expressions of ICAM-1, VCAM-1, IL-1β and NF-κB. Compared with LPS group, after treated with 10 μmol/L or 20 μmol/L cordycepin, NRK-52E cell viability was significantly increased (Ctrl group as 1: 0.717±0.017, 0.916±0.036 vs. 0.554±0.046) and intracellular ROS level was significantly decreased (Ctrl group as 1: 1.527±0.165, 1.098±0.168 vs. 2.543±0.127), meanwhile the expressions of ICAM-1, VCAM-1, IL-1β and NF-κB were significantly down-regulated [Ctrl group as 1, ICAM-1/GAPDH: 2.364±0.097, 1.561±0.074 vs. 3.101±0.121; VCAM-1/GAPDH: 2.866±0.135, 1.920±0.098 vs. 4.170±0.119; IL-1β/GAPDH: 2.358±0.107, 1.563±0.179 vs. 3.301±0.210; phosphorylation NF-κB p65 (NF-κB p-p65)/GAPDH: 2.559±0.166, 1.596±0.148 vs. 3.183±0.098], the differences were statistically significant (all P < 0.05). Compared with the LPS+C 10 group, the cell activity of LPS+C 20 group was more significant (0.916±0.036 vs. 0.717±0.017, P < 0.01), and the expressions of ICAM-1, VCAM-1, IL-1β, NF-κB were down-regulated more significantly (ICAM-1/GAPDH: 1.561±0.074 vs. 2.364±0.097, VCAM-1/GAPDH: 1.920±0.098 vs. 2.866±0.135, IL-1β/GAPDH: 1.563±0.179 vs. 2.358±0.107, NF-κB p-p65/GAPDH: 1.596±0.148 vs. 2.559±0.166, all P < 0.05).Conclusion:Cordycepin could significantly increase the survival rate of NRK-52E cells, reduce intracellular ROS level, and inhibit inflammation, and the anti-inflammation effect can be related with NF-κB pathway.

A phase Ⅲ clinical trial study on the safety and immunogenicity of ACYW135 group meningococcal conjugate vaccine inoculated in 3 month old infants / 中华预防医学杂志

The aim of this study was to evaluate the safety and immunogenicity of the first domestic ACYW135 meningococcal conjugate vaccine and a control vaccine named AC group meningococcal conjugate vaccine for 3 months (90-119 days) infants. From February 2017 to June 2018, a randomized, blinded, and similar vaccine-controlled clinical trial design was adopted at the Henan Vaccine Clinical Research Base. The subjects were 3 months old healthy infants, a total of 720, based on a 1∶1 ratio. The random allocation table for entry was randomly assigned to the experimental group and the control group. According to the 3, 4, and 5 month-old vaccination procedures, the subjects were vaccinated with test vaccine (ACYW135 group meningococcal conjugate vaccine) and control vaccine (group A group C meningococcal polysaccharide conjugate vaccine), of which 720 were given the first dose, 696 were given the second dose (test group: 346; control group: 350), and 692 were given the third dose (test group: 344; Control group: 348). The overall adverse reaction rate of the test vaccine was 21.90% (230 cases), which was lower than the 32.04% (339 cases) of the control vaccine (0.05). Group Y and W135 was 88.17% (298 cases), 99.41% (336 cases), respectively. The GMT results showed that the test vaccine group A was 56.24, the control vaccine was 57.43 (>0.05); the group C test vaccine (43.53) was higher than the control group (27.28) (<0.001). The group Y and W135 are 89.22 and 140.66, respectively. Among them, the proportion of the group C GMT antibody ≥ 1∶128 for test vaccine (31.07%, 105 cases) was higher than the control vaccine (16.22%, 55 cases) (<0.001). ACYW135 group meningococcal conjugate vaccine has more safety and immunogenicity after application to 3 month old infants.

Study on the prevalence and relationship of obesity and hypertension in southern mountain areas of Ningxia / 中华内分泌代谢杂志

Objective To investigate the prevalences of the obesity and hypertension in southern mountain regions of Ningxia. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted among a representative sample of 10 639 adults using questionnaires, physical examinations, and blood pressure measurement in southern mountain areas with a population proportionate sampling method. Results The prevalences of overweight,obesity,central obesity,high percentage of body fat,and hypertension were 33.53%,10.71%,19.50%,27.69%,and 31.57% respectively, which were 30.31%,9.62%,16.70%,24.90%,and 27.61% after age-adjustment in rural areas of Ningxia,and increased with aging(Ptrend<0.05). The prevalences of overweight,obesity,and hypertension were higher in males than those in females(P<0.05),and that of central obesity was higher in females than in males(P=0.003).The prevalences of hypertension in subjects with overweight, obesity, central obesity, high percentage of body fat were 38. 14%, 53.75%,52.69%,and 48.90%,respectively. Body mass index,waist circumference,and percentage of body fat were positively correlated with systolic and diastolic blood pressure(P<0.05). The multivariable logistic model revealed that the risk of hypertension in different types of obesity increased about 1.5 times. Conclusion There is high prevalence of obesity and hypertension among the adults in southern mountain areas of Ningxia. The prevalence of hypertension in obesity,central obesity,and high percentage of body fat is closed to or more than half of the population investigated.

Epidemiological study of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in Jingyuan county of Ningxia Autonomous Region / 中华健康管理学杂志

Objective To investigate the prevalence of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and the risk factors in Jingyuan county of Ningxia Autonomous Region.Methods The population proportionate sampling method was applied to enroll a representative sample of 10 639 adults in Jingyuan county and the study was conducted using questionnaires and physical examinations.A total of 10 553 people were included in the analysis after excluding those with missing data.High-resolution ultrasound was used to examine the liver and fasting blood was collected in the morning for measurement of blood glucose,blood lipid,and uric acid.The participants were divided into two groups of those with and without nonalcoholic fatty liver disease;the difference in blood biochemical indexes between fatty liver and non-fatty liver groups was compared,and the logistic regression model was used to explore the risk factors affecting the prevalence of fatty liver.Results The prevalence of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease was 7.60％.The prevalence of thyroid nodules was higher in men than in women (8.60％ vs.6.82％,x2=1 1.772,P=0.001).The prevalence rate of fatty liver increased with age (x2=57.336,P＜0.001),the prevalence rates among ≥18 years-＜29 years,≥30 years-＜39 years,≥40years-＜49 years,≥50 years-＜59 years,≥60 years-＜69 years,and above 70 years were 2.92％,6.50％,8.81％,9.59％,8.08％,and 4.77％ respectively.The detection rate of overweight,obesity,abdominal obesity,impaired fasting glucose,impaired glucose tolerance,diabetes,hypertension,hyperuricemia,and dyslipidemia were higher in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease group than in the normal group (P＜0.05).Logistic regression analysis showed that nonalcoholic fatty liver disease group had a higher risk for overweight,obesity,abdominal obesity,impaired fasting glucose,impaired glucose tolerance,diabetes,hypertension,hyperurcemia,and dyslipidemia (OR=5.41,12.45,2.99,1.85,2.05,3.30,1.41,2.23,and 1.98).Conclusion The incidence of nonalcoholic fatty liver in Jingyuan county of Ningxia Autonomous Region was higher.The groups of overweight,obesity,abdominal obesity,impaired fasting glucose,impaired glucose tolerance,diabetes,hypertension,hyperuricemia,and dyslipidemia were high risk factors for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease.

Development Dilemma and Outlet of Humanistic Quality Education in Medical Universities and Colleges / 中国医学伦理学

In recent years,the humanistic quality education in vast number of medical colleges and universities shows a low level of wandering state.This in not only related with the poor condition of current humanistic quality course,but also related with the diametrically opposed humanistic quality education and medical professional education and lack of organic integration.To improve the medical colleges' educational level is urgent to establish the concept of holographic education of great medicine,great education and great culture,improve the teaching quality of current humanistic quality education,actively explore the deep integration of humanistic quality education and medical professional education,improve the humanistic quality and nurturing ability of teachers staff in medical universities and colleges,and so on.

Post-osteomyelitis posterior tibial bone defects repaired with antibiotic bone cement combined with autologous bone graft and Ilizarov external fixator / 中国组织工程研究

BACKGROUND:Bone cement containing antibiotics for repair of bone defects can achieve sustained release of a higher concentration of sensitive drugs, which wil help kil bacteria and provide the necessary bone grafting bed and space to reduce massive bleeding due to removal of the granulation at bone defects during the second phase. OBJECTIVE:To analyze the clinical efficacy of antibiotic bone cement combined with autologous bone transplantation and Ilizarov external fixator on tibial bone defects after traumatic osteomyelitis. METHODS:A total of 31 patients with tibial bone defects after chronic osteomyelitis, including 19 males and 12 females, aged 17-40 years old. After positive debridement of necrotic tissues at bone stump, Ilizarov external fixator was used for fracture fixation, and autogenous iliac bone grafting combined with bone cement containing antibiotics was performed to repair bone defects. Fracture healing time, knee and ankle scoring were fol owed up. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:The 31 patients were fol owed up for 6 months to 3.5 years. Tibial fractures were healed without infection recurrence in al patients. The bony union time was 3-6 months, the fixation time was 3-6 months, and the limb extended length was (7.50±1.01) cm. No adverse reactions related to bone cement and bone graft occurred. At 3 months after bone grafting, the scores on the knee and ankle joints were improve significantly. These findings indicate that the antibiotic bone cement combined with autologous bone transplantation and Ilizarov external fixator for repair of post-osteomyelitis posterior tibial bone defects can control infection, promote fracture healing, and restore joint functions.

Analysis of influencing factors of undergraduate teaching quality and countermeasures / 中华医学教育探索杂志

An overall improvement of teaching quality is the core task of the reform and the development of higher education. Based on the analysis of the main factors of affecting the teaching quality in universities and combined with the implementation of “views on improving the overall qual-ity of higher education”by the Education Ministry, countermeasures for improving the teaching quality of undergraduates have been proposed such as increasing higher education funds investment to im-prove the condition of running a school, paying attention to the construction of teaching management staff to improve the level of teaching management, establishing Teacher Development Research Center to consolidate the fundamental position of undergraduate teaching , utilizing the high-quality social resources to implement the collaborative education innovation, and improving the personnel training system to strengthen the teaching quality standard .

Teaching reform and evaluation protocol for medical statistics in postgraduate students / 中华医学教育探索杂志

Teaching reform for medical statistics in postgraduate students was undertaken in order to comply with the longitudinal thought of medical research and to cultivate student's abilities of solving actual problems. The contents of theory courses and practicum courses were re-enacted and some advanced statistical methods commonly used in medical research were added. Meanwhile,the contents of practicum courses were reformed following the guideline of ‘application of statistics in the research’ and the teaching method of task-driven teaching combined with problem-based learning was used in the process. Furthermore, evaluation on the teaching effect was made. The reformed teaching model greatly excited student's learning enthusiasm and developed their abilities of applying statistics in scientific research.

The control study of treatment between dual-antiplatelet aggregation and warfarin in the prevention of thromboembolism in high risk patients of nonvalvular atrial fibrillation GENG / 中国医师进修杂志

Objective To compare the efficiency and safety of aspirin-dipyridamole and warfarin in the prevention of thromboembolism in patients with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation(NVAF)and high risk factors.Methods One hundred and forty NVAF patients with high risk factors were randomly divided into two groups.Warfarin group[78 cases international normalized ratio(INR)2.0-3.0,for the patients older than 75 years,INR ranging from 1.6 to 2.5]and combination group(62 cases received aspirin 160 mg once every day plus dipyridamole 160 mg 3 times every day).The incidence of death,thromboembolism(including stroke and peripheral arteries embolism)and hemorrhage events were observed.Results Followed-up 12-28 months.In warfarin group,3 cases lost,2 cages had stroke,2 cases suffered from serious bleeding events,6 cases had minor bleeding events.In combination group,2 cases lost,6 cases had stroke,and 2 cases suffered from peripheral arteries embolism events,3 cases had minor bleeding events,but no serious bleeding events occurred.The incidence of thromboembolism in warfarin group wag,lower than that in combination group[2.7%(2/75)vs 13.3%(8/60),P<0.05].There was no significant difference of the bleeding rate between the two groups[10.7%(8/75)vs 5.0%(3/60),P>0.05].Conclusions Warfarin anticoagulative therapy is more effective than aspirin and dipyridamole antiplatelet dual therapy for the prevention of thromboembolism events in patients with NVAF and high risk factors.The major bleeding events in warfarin group occurs in patients with INR>3.0,so under intensive monitoring(INR 2.0-3.0),warfarin therapy is effective and safety.

Effect of recombinant human erythropoietin pretreatment on PI3K-Akt-GSK-3β signaling pathway in human renal tubular epithelial cells apoptosis induced by ischemia-reperfusion injury / 中华肾脏病杂志

Objective To study the role of PI3K-Akt-GSK-3β signaling in the apoptosis of renal tubular cells after ischemia-reperfusion injury and the protective mechanism of recombinant human erythropoietin(rHuEPO). Methods The human kidney tubular epithelial cells(HK-2)were cultured in vitro in different conditions as control group with serum, ischemia-reperfusion(IR)group, LY294002 group with LY294002(AKT inhibitor)10 μmol/L 30 minutes before IR treatment, LiCl group with LiCl(GSK-33 inhibitor)20 μtmol/L 30 minutes before IR treatment, rHuKPO group with EPO 20 U/ml 30 minutes before IR treatment, rHuEPO + LY294002 group with EPO 20 U/ml and in the presence of LY294002(10 μmol/L)30 minutes before IR treatment, rHuEPO +LiCl group with EPO 20 U/ml and in the presence of LiCl(20 μmol/L)30 minutes before IR treatment. Akt, GSK-33 and caspase-3 activation were measured by Western blotting. The apoptotic ratio of HK-2 cells was measured by flow cytometry. Cell viability was detected by MTT. Results In comparison with the control group, the apoptotic ratio raised up to 15.20%±1.43%, the expression of Akt activity decreased, GSK-33 activity and caspase-3 activity markedly elevated in IR group(P<0.05). LY294002 group up-regulated the apoptotic ratio(18.20%±2.06%), decreased the expression of Akt activity, increased GSK-33 activity and caspase-3 activity, however, LiCl group down-regulated the apoptotic ratio(12.30%±0.85%), increased the expression of Akt activity, decreased GSK-33 activity and caspase-3 activity compared with IR group(P<0.05). rHuEPO group remarkably decreased the apoptotic ratio(11.10%±1.62%), increased the expression of Akt activity, decreased GSK-33 activity and caspase-3 activity compared with IR group(P<0.05). rHuEPO+LY294002 group elevated the apoptotic ratio(13.40%±1.94%), decreased the expression of Akt activity, increased GSK-33 activity and caspase-3 activity, meanwhile, rHuEPO +LiCl group down-regulated the apoptotic ratio(7.50%±1.31%), increased the expression of Akt activity, decreased GSK-33 activity and caspase-3 activity compared with rHuEPO group(P<0.05). Conclusions PI3K-Akt-GSK-3β signaling pathway is involved in HK-2 cells apoptosis induced by ischemia-reperfusion injury and rHuEPO may be used as a new therapy.

Effects of cryopreserved neural stem cell transplantation on rat axonal regeneration after spinal cord injury:Retrograde tracing observation / 中国组织工程研究

AIM:There are some reports about the treatment of spinal cord injury with neural stem cells(NSCs) transplantation,but the ideas about the transplantation time and patterns and detection indexes are still different.In this study,the effects of cryopreserved NSC transplantation on the axonal regeneration after the spinal cord injury in rats were observed.METHODS:The experiment was carried out in the experimental animal center of China Medical University from June 2005 to June 2006.①Thirty-six adult Wistar rats,either male or female and 250-300 g,were provided by the experimental animal department of China Medical University.Neural stem cells were isolated from 10 neonate rats and cultured.All treatments for animals were accorded with the animal ethical criteria.②NSCs at logarithmic phase were cryopreserved at-70 ℃ for 2 weeks and labeled with 5-bromodeoxyuridine(Brdu) after rewarming.After the models of spinal cord injury were established,the NSCs were transplanted into the injured site immediately.Thirty-six rats were randomly divided into NSC transplantation group,DMEM solution group,and control group.③NSC survival and migration were detected by immunohistochemistry,and the reconstruction of spinal cord were detected by horseradish peroxidase(HRP) staining.RESULTS:Of the 36 spinal injured model rats,4 died of overdose of anesthesia,and 5 died of infection,but all were supplemented.Brdu-labeled positive NSCs were detected in the injured spinal cord after transplantation on the 7th day,and increased on the 14th day,then gradually decreased since the 28th day till disappeared.The number of HRP positive cells in transplantation group was significantly higher than DMEM solution.CONCLUSION:Cryopreserved NSCs can survive in the injured site after transplantation and promote the reconstruction of axoplasm pathway of injured spinal cord.